🇨🇳 Chinese (Mandarin) for beginners: the best resources

Designed for Mandarin rather than retrofitted from a European-language template, so it drills tones with speech recognition, teaches stroke order for handwriting, and lets you toggle pinyin off as you improve. The free tier covers a real beginner course; premium unlocks later units, immersion videos and extra review. It plateaus around HSK 3–4 — treat it as your first six months, not your whole plan.

Olle Linge writes long, careful pieces on tone learning, character memorisation, listening strategy and dealing with plateaus, plus regularly updated best-of lists for podcasts, YouTube channels and reading material. There is an accompanying podcast and free challenge platform. It is about method rather than content — you still need a course, a dictionary and input, but this tells you how to use them well.

Two decades of lessons built around a short natural dialogue plus bilingual discussion, graded across six levels — the Intermediate and Upper Intermediate tiers in particular are still among the best listening material for Mandarin. Many episodes are free through podcast feeds; transcripts and exercises need a subscription. Caveat: the platform is essentially in maintenance mode, with little new content and slow support, so treat it as an archive rather than a living course.

Classic stories (Sherlock Holmes, Jane Eyre, Chinese folk tales) rewritten with strictly controlled character sets and reset in Chinese settings, so a beginner can finish an entire book without constant lookups. Finishing one is a genuine motivation milestone that app-based reading rarely delivers. Books are cheap but paid, available in simplified and traditional, and the Level 0/1 range is narrow — you outgrow the series around HSK 4.

A well-sequenced beginner-to-intermediate video curriculum with unusually good pronunciation coaching and a conversational rather than exam-driven emphasis, plus a Chinese Characters course for reading. Explanations are in English and paced for absolute beginners. It is a subscription, the library stops around upper-intermediate, and there is little advanced material once you finish the main tracks.

Four volumes of systematic grammar, dialogues and character work, used by most North American college programmes, with workbooks, audio and a web app for exercises. If you want a spine for self-study with a clear sequence and available answer keys, this is the safest choice. It is expensive, the dialogues are dated and campus-centric, and it is written for classroom use — self-learners need to supply their own speaking practice.

Founded in 1956 at National Taiwan Normal University, the MTC is where a large share of foreign diplomats and students have learned Mandarin in Taiwan, and it teaches in traditional characters throughout. Terms are three months, small classes, and there are online options if you are not in Taipei. It is a paid, full-time-ish commitment rather than something to dabble in — listed here because the Taiwanese-Mandarin end of the catalogue is otherwise all self-study.

A Taiwanese teacher whose channel is unusually strong on the things textbooks gloss over: tone pairs, tone changes in fast speech, mouth position for tricky sounds, and the difference between mainland and Taiwanese pronunciation. Explanations are in English with Chinese examples, so it works from day one. She speaks Taiwanese Mandarin, which is a feature if that's your target and a minor accent difference if it isn't.

Suqing tells simple stories entirely in Mandarin, using drawings, objects and clear enunciation so meaning arrives from context instead of translation — the comprehensible-input approach applied properly to Chinese. It is the standard first listening resource for beginners who want their ear trained early. No English explanations means you need patience at the very start, and the videos build vocabulary slowly by design.

Chinese-only videos supported by images, body language and deliberately slow speech, with a Slow Chinese Stories playlist that is one of the gentlest entry points into listening. Works well alternated with Lazy Chinese so you hear more than one voice early. As with all pure input channels there is no grammar instruction, so run it alongside a structured course rather than instead of one.

TaiwanPlus is Taiwan's English-language public media service, and its Mandarin channel makes short lessons around real situations filmed in Taiwan, in traditional characters and with Taiwanese pronunciation and vocabulary rather than mainland forms. Free, professionally produced, and unusually good on the things that differ — 早餐店 breakfast-shop ordering, transport, the particles Taiwanese speakers use. Short videos, so it supplements a course rather than replacing one.

Miss Lin was born and raised in Taipei and her whole channel is about the Mandarin actually spoken there — the vocabulary that differs from mainland usage, the softened retroflex, the particles, and the culture behind them. Around 180 videos and 59k subscribers, free, with traditional characters on screen. Useful precisely where the big Chinese channels are least useful: they teach Beijing forms and mention Taiwan as a footnote.

Molly records tightly scripted episodes at lower-intermediate level and explains new vocabulary in simpler Chinese rather than switching to English, which trains you to stay in the language. Episode length is manageable for a commute and levels are labelled. The audio is free; transcripts and exercises are a paid membership, and the fully scripted delivery is cleaner than real conversation.

Each story comes with a companion episode where the hosts unpack the key words and phrases in Chinese, so you get input and consolidation without leaving the language, from Beginning through Superior. The level range makes it one of the few learner podcasts you can stay with for years. Podcast audio is free; transcripts, worksheets and speaking cohorts are paid, and the recording quality varies across the older catalogue.

Built by National Taiwan University with Taiwan's Ministry of Education and taught in Mandarin from the first lesson, using everyday scenes, comics and animation to carry meaning without English. Traditional characters and Taiwan pronunciation throughout, which is what makes it worth naming separately: nearly every other beginner MOOC teaches simplified. Coursera's audit track covers the videos; the certificate and graded work are paid.

The most complete HSK-aligned course track available online, with grammar explanations, vocabulary drilling and mock exams for each level, taught clearly in English with Chinese examples. If your goal is the HSK certificate for study or work in China, this is the straightest path. Courses are paid per level (a free YouTube channel previews the teaching style), and the HSK-exam focus means less everyday conversational practice.

A long, structured course whose distinguishing idea is the Hanzi Movie Method: you assign actors, sets and props to sound and tone components, then build vivid scenes to lock in thousands of characters. Learners who bounce off rote character study often find it works where nothing else did. It is expensive (hundreds of dollars, sold as subscription or lifetime), the setup phase is heavy before you see returns, and the mnemonic system is not for everyone.

TLI has taught Mandarin to foreigners since 1956 and now runs one-to-one and small-group classes both in Taipei and over video, in traditional characters. Being a school rather than a product, the pace and syllabus are negotiated with your teacher, which suits people who already know what they need and badly suits people who want a path laid out for them. Paid, priced per hour, with a free trial lesson.

A free, offline-capable Chinese-English dictionary with stroke-order animations, handwriting and audio search, plus paid add-ons for OCR (point your camera at a menu or sign), document reading and extra dictionaries. The free version alone is better than any competitor; the paid bundles are one-time purchases rather than a subscription. Its flashcard system is powerful but fiddly — many people pair Pleco for lookup with a separate SRS. Simplified and traditional both supported.

Thousands of short lessons across six difficulty tiers, each with clear recorded audio, a pop-up dictionary and toggleable pinyin, so you can read comfortably from your first hundred characters. A few free lessons refresh regularly; a subscription unlocks the library. The stories are written for learners rather than native content, which is exactly what makes it work early on but also why you should graduate to real material later.

A news-based graded reader adding articles daily across levels roughly mapped to HSK 1–6, each with human-recorded audio, one-tap dictionary and exportable vocabulary. Because the content is current events rather than invented stories, it keeps intermediate learners reading when textbook dialogues get boring. Free sample lessons exist but the useful volume is behind a subscription, and simplified characters dominate.

You write characters with a finger or stylus and it marks stroke order and shape in real time, scheduling reviews so you actually retain them; it ships with HSK, Integrated Chinese and other textbook lists. Only Chinese and Japanese are supported, which is why it is here rather than in the general tools. Roughly $15/month or $100/year after a 7-day trial, and it is worth it only if handwriting is genuinely one of your goals — many learners reasonably skip production of characters entirely.

Shows you where characters actually come from — ancient forms, sound components, meaning components — instead of inventing mnemonics, then feeds you sentences and short media graded to what you already know. The character-origin data is genuinely scholarly and the free tier is generous. The interface is dense and does not hold your hand, so it suits self-directed learners more than beginners who want a guided path.

A phone app that feeds you a few new words a day and schedules reviews by spaced repetition, drawing on 20,000+ words in 65+ packs, from every level of the new HSK 3.0 to chengyu, travel and work vocabulary; you can also build your own lists. Each word comes with example sentences and a breakdown of its meaning. It is the easy option for people who want Anki-style retention without building or configuring decks, and the free tier is usable, with premium features on top. Like any SRS it teaches recognition, not conversation, so pair it with listening and reading.

The default desktop lookup for most learners: search by pinyin, character, English or handwriting, then drill into components, stroke order and example words. It also has a bulk text annotation tool that adds pinyin above a whole passage, which is handy for prepping reading material. Plain and ad-light, but purely a reference — no lessons, no spaced repetition.

A free chart where you click any initial-final combination to hear it in each tone, with short video lessons on the sounds English speakers get wrong (zh/ch/sh vs j/q/x, the ü vowel, the third-tone sandhi). Working through this before you memorise vocabulary saves months of fossilised pronunciation errors. It is a reference tool, not a course, so pair it with feedback from a teacher or tutor.

The reference to bookmark: each structure gets a short explanation, a formula and a stack of natural example sentences, organised A1 through C1 so you can both look things up and work through a level systematically. Free on the web with an optional paid ebook version. It is a reference, not a course — it explains what a structure means but gives you no drilling or production practice.

The authoritative source for what each HSK level actually requires, where to sit the exam, and free official practice papers — worth checking directly rather than relying on third-party summaries, since the HSK 3.0 standard changed level boundaries and vocabulary counts substantially. Registration and information are free; the exam itself has a fee. The site is functional but clunky, and English translations lag the Chinese pages.

A vocabulary SRS built only for Mandarin: import HSK levels, Integrated Chinese chapters or your own lists, and it schedules reviews with sensible defaults instead of Anki's endless configuration. Good for people who want spaced repetition to just work. It is a paid subscription doing something Anki does free, and like all SRS it teaches recognition, not usage — pair it with reading.

A long-running forum where advanced learners, translators and teachers review resources, discuss study methods and run reading groups — the signal-to-noise ratio is far better than social media. Searching the archive answers most 'which textbook / how do I get past HSK 4' questions immediately. Traffic is much lower than it was, so expect slow replies to new threads and treat it primarily as an archive.

Subscription-only after a handful of free intro lessons, with the monthly price falling steeply on longer plans. Lessons are short, dialogue-first and explain grammar properly, which makes it a much more serious beginner course than Duolingo. It covers only 14 languages and effectively stops around B1, so it is a stepping stone rather than a destination.

Covers 14 languages along an explicit CEFR path, and its best feature is the community exchange: you submit short writing or speaking exercises and real native speakers correct them, free of charge, in exchange for you correcting theirs. The free tier is limited to core lessons; Premium unlocks grammar, offline and the full path. A solid Babbel alternative if you specifically want writing practice with human feedback.

One-on-one video lessons from roughly $5–30/hr depending on the language and the teacher's credentials. It is the single fastest way to get real speaking practice, and the reason most self-study plans stall is that they skip this step. Community tutors are cheap conversation partners; professional teachers are worth it if you want structure, homework and error correction.

Thirty-minute audio lessons force you to produce sentences out loud before you see anything written, which builds unusually good accent and recall. Subscriptions run about $15–21/month (all-access covers 50+ languages), and older courses are often available through public libraries. It is slow and vocabulary-light by design, so pair it with reading — but for commute or walking time it is the best use of otherwise dead hours.

100,000+ tutors across 120+ subjects, with a free replacement if your first tutor is a bad fit. The main structural difference from italki is that Preply pushes weekly lesson subscriptions and takes a large commission from tutors, which some learners consider a reason to prefer italki. Worth comparing side by side for your language — prices, availability and tutor quality differ per market rather than per platform.

Mihalis Eleftheriou records real lessons with a real student and walks you through constructing the language yourself using cognates and logic — Spanish, French, Italian, German, Greek, Turkish, Arabic and Swahili are covered. Completely free, no ads, no sign-up, funded by donations. The Spanish course in particular is one of the most recommended free resources anywhere; the trade-off is small vocabulary and no reading or writing practice.

Foreign Service Institute, Peace Corps and DLI materials — full textbooks plus hundreds of hours of audio — are public domain and hosted here for free across dozens of languages. The depth is extraordinary and the FSI Basic courses take diplomats to professional working proficiency, which no consumer app attempts. The recordings are from the 1960s–80s, the drills are relentless, and some vocabulary is dated (Cold War era), so they suit disciplined self-studiers, not casual learners.

Mark Pentleton teaches a genuine student while you listen in, across French, Spanish, German, Italian, Chinese, Swedish, Portuguese, Japanese and Gaelic. The podcast seasons are free on any podcast app and are structured as a real curriculum rather than scattered episodes; the Academy sells premium lesson notes, video and bonus audio. Ideal commuting material for beginners through B1, and the Spanish and French series are the strongest.

Lessons build outward from real conversations with colour-coded literal translations and cultural notes, and the catalogue includes endangered and indigenous languages nobody else covers. Retail pricing starts around $10/month, but a very large number of public libraries and universities give patrons free access — check yours before paying. Content depth per language is modest, so it suits travellers and early learners more than people pushing toward B2.

Each course is ~100 short bilingual dialogues with native audio: you passively absorb for months, then start an 'active wave' translating back into the target language. Books run around €30 (e-courses ~€50) across 70+ languages, and the method is a long-standing favourite among polyglots for reaching real reading fluency. Caveats: many courses are only published from French, the humour is dated, and it demands daily discipline with no gamification to carry you.

The 'Complete' books are proper structured courses with dialogues, graded exercises and downloadable audio, and the range covers languages no app touches. Quality varies noticeably by title and author, so check reviews for your specific language before buying rather than trusting the series name. Their graded readers and 'Script Hacking' alphabet guides are also worth knowing about for non-Latin scripts.

You sit in on a recorded lesson with two students and build sentences aloud alongside them, with no writing, homework or memorisation; 19 languages are available. It is remarkably good at making the core grammar of Romance languages click in a few hours. Vocabulary coverage is small, the recordings are old, and the courses after Michel Thomas's death are taught by other teachers with mixed results — treat it as a fast on-ramp, not a course of study.

Over 70 languages, each a step-by-step beginner course written by an experienced teacher, and crucially all the audio is free to download from the companion site even if you find the book secondhand. Slightly more academic and grammar-forward than Teach Yourself, which some learners prefer. Like any book series the individual titles differ in quality; the less common languages are often the only decent course in existence.

You listen to and repeat thousands of native-recorded sentences on a spaced schedule, which builds fluent output patterns without explicit grammar study. It covers 60+ languages and keeps nine minority languages (Catalan, Welsh, Taiwanese, Kurdish and others) permanently free as a preservation effort. It is expensive at roughly $20–40/month, and the repetition is monotonous — most reviewers call it effective but overpriced, so try the 7-day trial first.

A reading app built around finishing complete books: you pick a story at your level, tap a word or reveal a sentence's English translation when you get stuck, and it saves the words you looked up. There is one complete free book in every language and you can read a free chapter on the website without installing anything; the rest of the 1,100-book library is paid. The library is uneven: Ukrainian, Indonesian and French have dozens of stories, while Icelandic, Estonian and several Balkan languages have one or two. It is not the same as Storyglot's European Portuguese readers (storyglot.com), which are a separate project with the same name.

Free on desktop, Android and web; the iOS app is a one-off paid purchase that funds the project. The interface is dated and the options are overwhelming at first, but nothing beats it for retaining vocabulary over years. Most effective when you stop grinding premade decks and start mining sentences from things you actually read or watch.

The free tier is genuinely usable (ads plus a limited 'hearts' system); Super removes both for about $96/yr. Its real value is streak-driven consistency for absolute beginners, and the smaller courses are thin machine-assisted content rather than the polished Spanish or French trees. Treat it as a warm-up habit, not a curriculum — nobody reaches conversational fluency on Duolingo alone.

The 'learn with locals' video clips are the distinguishing feature — you hear real people at real speed rather than TTS. Be aware that Memrise moved user-created community courses off the main app in 2024 onto a separate site, which gutted what many long-time users valued most, and the app has leaned hard into AI chat features since. Fine as a phrase-and-vocabulary app for major languages; if you came for the community decks, use Anki instead.

Built-in correction tools let partners fix your messages inline, and the social 'moments' feed gets you corrections from strangers without arranging a call. Free for the core exchange; VIP adds more translations and simultaneous target languages. The persistent caveat is that a fair share of users treat it as a dating app, and exchange partners are unreliable — it works best once you already have some output to correct.

Import podcasts, articles or ebooks, tap unknown words for definitions, and LingQ tracks your known-word count over time. The free tier caps how many saved words you can keep, so serious use means paying (~$13/month or less annually). The interface is clunky and the built-in SRS is weaker than Anki, but the reading-plus-audio workflow with 50+ languages is hard to replicate elsewhere.

Same idea as HelloTalk but with vetted profiles and one-to-one partner matching rather than a social feed, which makes it noticeably less spammy in practice. Texting partners is free; calling them in the app is part of the paid Pro tier, and the app also sells paid tutors. Both apps live or die on finding one or two committed partners, so expect to message a lot of people before anything sticks.

Unlike most apps it is built around producing speech: you repeat, roleplay and converse with an AI tutor that gives pronunciation and phrasing feedback in real time. Covers Spanish, French, Korean, Japanese, Italian and Chinese for English speakers, with a 7-day trial then a subscription (roughly $20/month or $99/yr). Good for overcoming the fear of speaking before your first human lesson, but an AI will not push back or drift off-script the way a real conversation partner does.

A 501(c)(3) nonprofit: you shadow native audio, record your own version, and a real human coach returns feedback — 10 free submissions a month, unlimited for about $20/month, with full scholarships for anyone who needs one. Covers French, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian and English. It only fixes pronunciation and delivery, so it complements rather than replaces conversation practice.

Over 100 language editions; the English edition alone has millions of entries covering hundreds of languages, with IPA, declension and conjugation tables, etymologies and usage notes that commercial apps usually paywall. The etymology sections are quietly one of the best vocabulary-retention tools available. Being crowd-sourced, coverage is uneven and rare entries can be wrong — cross-check anything unusual against a native-language dictionary.

A detailed staged roadmap for acquiring a language through massive comprehensible input — what to do at each stage, when to start output, how to mine sentences — with a free tracker, starter courses and an active Discord. The roadmap and community are free; vocabulary decks, advanced courses and coaching are paid. It is opinionated to the point of dogma about avoiding early output and translation, so take the framework and ignore the purity rules if they do not fit your goals.

A collaborative, Creative Commons-licensed corpus you can search for real usage of a word or download in bulk to build your own decks. It is the raw material behind Clozemaster and countless Anki decks rather than a study tool in itself. Sentences are contributed by volunteers, so quality and naturalness vary — prefer sentences from native contributors and cross-check anything surprising.

The default place to ask 'is X app worth it' or 'what should I do at B1' and get answers from people who have actually done it, plus per-language subreddits (r/Spanish, r/LearnJapanese, r/French) with far better resource lists. The wiki and FAQ head off most beginner questions. Expect strong ideological camps — comprehensible-input purists versus textbook people — so read a few threads before taking any single answer as settled.

Modern assistants (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini) will roleplay a scenario at your level, correct your writing with explanations, generate graded reading, and hold voice conversations — endlessly patient and available at 2am, which no tutor is. Free tiers are enough for text practice; voice modes generally need a subscription. The caveats are real: models are noticeably weaker and more error-prone in lower-resource languages, they tend to produce bland textbook register rather than how people actually speak, and they will not correct you unless you explicitly ask them to.

Around 6 million words recorded by native speakers across 400+ languages, usually with several accents per word so you can hear regional variation. Free to search on the site; the paid tiers are aimed at API users and bulk audio downloads. Indispensable for names, place names and anything a TTS voice would mangle — many learners wire it directly into Anki for card audio.