🇨🇳 मंदारिन चीनी 中文

A free, offline-capable Chinese-English dictionary with stroke-order animations, handwriting and audio search, plus paid add-ons for OCR (point your camera at a menu or sign), document reading and extra dictionaries. The free version alone is better than any competitor; the paid bundles are one-time purchases rather than a subscription. Its flashcard system is powerful but fiddly — many people pair Pleco for lookup with a separate SRS. Simplified and traditional both supported.

The default desktop lookup for most learners: search by pinyin, character, English or handwriting, then drill into components, stroke order and example words. It also has a bulk text annotation tool that adds pinyin above a whole passage, which is handy for prepping reading material. Plain and ad-light, but purely a reference — no lessons, no spaced repetition.

The best free reference for traditional characters and Taiwanese Mandarin usage, built on the Ministry of Education's official dictionaries and showing zhuyin (bopomofo) alongside pinyin. It also carries Taiwanese Hokkien and Hakka entries. Definitions are Chinese-Chinese, so it is a step up in difficulty — treat it as the monolingual dictionary you graduate into rather than a beginner tool.

A free chart where you click any initial-final combination to hear it in each tone, with short video lessons on the sounds English speakers get wrong (zh/ch/sh vs j/q/x, the ü vowel, the third-tone sandhi). Working through this before you memorise vocabulary saves months of fossilised pronunciation errors. It is a reference tool, not a course, so pair it with feedback from a teacher or tutor.

A Taiwanese teacher whose channel is unusually strong on the things textbooks gloss over: tone pairs, tone changes in fast speech, mouth position for tricky sounds, and the difference between mainland and Taiwanese pronunciation. Explanations are in English with Chinese examples, so it works from day one. She speaks Taiwanese Mandarin, which is a feature if that's your target and a minor accent difference if it isn't.

Designed for Mandarin rather than retrofitted from a European-language template, so it drills tones with speech recognition, teaches stroke order for handwriting, and lets you toggle pinyin off as you improve. The free tier covers a real beginner course; premium unlocks later units, immersion videos and extra review. It plateaus around HSK 3–4 — treat it as your first six months, not your whole plan.

Shows you where characters actually come from — ancient forms, sound components, meaning components — instead of inventing mnemonics, then feeds you sentences and short media graded to what you already know. The character-origin data is genuinely scholarly and the free tier is generous. The interface is dense and does not hold your hand, so it suits self-directed learners more than beginners who want a guided path.

Built by linguists working from excavated bronze and oracle-bone forms, it explains for each character which parts carry sound and which carry meaning, correcting a lot of folk etymology that circulates in learner circles. It installs inside Pleco, so it fits your existing lookup habit. It is a one-time paid add-on and it assumes you already read some Chinese — buying it at beginner level is premature.

You write characters with a finger or stylus and it marks stroke order and shape in real time, scheduling reviews so you actually retain them; it ships with HSK, Integrated Chinese and other textbook lists. Only Chinese and Japanese are supported, which is why it is here rather than in the general tools. Roughly $15/month or $100/year after a 7-day trial, and it is worth it only if handwriting is genuinely one of your goals — many learners reasonably skip production of characters entirely.

A free, open-source Chrome extension that turns the whole Chinese web into readable material: hover for pinyin, definition and word segmentation, with keyboard shortcuts to save words for export to Anki. It is the cheapest way to start reading native articles rather than textbook passages. Purely a lookup crutch — it will not make you learn anything unless you also review what you save.

Thousands of short lessons across six difficulty tiers, each with clear recorded audio, a pop-up dictionary and toggleable pinyin, so you can read comfortably from your first hundred characters. A few free lessons refresh regularly; a subscription unlocks the library. The stories are written for learners rather than native content, which is exactly what makes it work early on but also why you should graduate to real material later.

A news-based graded reader adding articles daily across levels roughly mapped to HSK 1–6, each with human-recorded audio, one-tap dictionary and exportable vocabulary. Because the content is current events rather than invented stories, it keeps intermediate learners reading when textbook dialogues get boring. Free sample lessons exist but the useful volume is behind a subscription, and simplified characters dominate.

Classic stories (Sherlock Holmes, Jane Eyre, Chinese folk tales) rewritten with strictly controlled character sets and reset in Chinese settings, so a beginner can finish an entire book without constant lookups. Finishing one is a genuine motivation milestone that app-based reading rarely delivers. Books are cheap but paid, available in simplified and traditional, and the Level 0/1 range is narrow — you outgrow the series around HSK 4.

Aimed squarely at the hardest transition in Chinese — from graded readers to native text — by making any Chinese webpage or imported file tappable for pinyin, definitions and text-to-speech, with difficulty estimates for novels. Reading itself is free; premium adds sync, offline and sentence translation. Best once you have roughly HSK 4 vocabulary; below that even with lookups the novels are a slog.

A free Notion wiki that solves 'what do I read next': hundreds of native books, webnovels, manhua, games and TV shows sorted by real difficulty, with a step-by-step guide out of textbook Chinese and into native material. It is the single best answer for intermediate learners stuck in the HSK plateau. Notion's interface is clunky on phones, and recommendations skew towards webnovels and genre fiction.

The reference to bookmark: each structure gets a short explanation, a formula and a stack of natural example sentences, organised A1 through C1 so you can both look things up and work through a level systematically. Free on the web with an optional paid ebook version. It is a reference, not a course — it explains what a structure means but gives you no drilling or production practice.

Olle Linge writes long, careful pieces on tone learning, character memorisation, listening strategy and dealing with plateaus, plus regularly updated best-of lists for podcasts, YouTube channels and reading material. There is an accompanying podcast and free challenge platform. It is about method rather than content — you still need a course, a dictionary and input, but this tells you how to use them well.

A vocabulary SRS built only for Mandarin: import HSK levels, Integrated Chinese chapters or your own lists, and it schedules reviews with sensible defaults instead of Anki's endless configuration. Good for people who want spaced repetition to just work. It is a paid subscription doing something Anki does free, and like all SRS it teaches recognition, not usage — pair it with reading.

The most complete HSK-aligned course track available online, with grammar explanations, vocabulary drilling and mock exams for each level, taught clearly in English with Chinese examples. If your goal is the HSK certificate for study or work in China, this is the straightest path. Courses are paid per level (a free YouTube channel previews the teaching style), and the HSK-exam focus means less everyday conversational practice.

A well-sequenced beginner-to-intermediate video curriculum with unusually good pronunciation coaching and a conversational rather than exam-driven emphasis, plus a Chinese Characters course for reading. Explanations are in English and paced for absolute beginners. It is a subscription, the library stops around upper-intermediate, and there is little advanced material once you finish the main tracks.

A long, structured course whose distinguishing idea is the Hanzi Movie Method: you assign actors, sets and props to sound and tone components, then build vivid scenes to lock in thousands of characters. Learners who bounce off rote character study often find it works where nothing else did. It is expensive (hundreds of dollars, sold as subscription or lifetime), the setup phase is heavy before you see returns, and the mnemonic system is not for everyone.

Two decades of lessons built around a short natural dialogue plus bilingual discussion, graded across six levels — the Intermediate and Upper Intermediate tiers in particular are still among the best listening material for Mandarin. Many episodes are free through podcast feeds; transcripts and exercises need a subscription. Caveat: the platform is essentially in maintenance mode, with little new content and slow support, so treat it as an archive rather than a living course.

Suqing tells simple stories entirely in Mandarin, using drawings, objects and clear enunciation so meaning arrives from context instead of translation — the comprehensible-input approach applied properly to Chinese. It is the standard first listening resource for beginners who want their ear trained early. No English explanations means you need patience at the very start, and the videos build vocabulary slowly by design.

Chinese-only videos supported by images, body language and deliberately slow speech, with a Slow Chinese Stories playlist that is one of the gentlest entry points into listening. Works well alternated with Lazy Chinese so you hear more than one voice early. As with all pure input channels there is no grammar instruction, so run it alongside a structured course rather than instead of one.

Bridges the gap between beginner input channels and native content: real subjects covered in natural but carefully paced Chinese, staying in the target language throughout. This is the level where free material is thinnest, which makes the channel unusually valuable. Expect fewer visual crutches than beginner channels — you need a working base of a couple of thousand words to enjoy it.

Eileen's channel captures how people in China actually speak — market vendors, taxi drivers, friends chatting — with dual subtitles and downloadable transcripts, plus slower structured lessons for lower levels. It is one of the few free sources of genuinely unscripted mainland Mandarin at a usable difficulty. Upload pace has slowed in recent years, but the back catalogue is large and still current enough.

Da Peng speaks slowly and articulately about everyday topics, idioms and Chinese social norms, entirely in Chinese, with a matching podcast feed for listening away from the screen. The mainland-standard accent and everyday register make it a good daily listening habit for intermediates. There is no English scaffolding and few transcripts on the free channel.

Nathan covers substantive topics — history, food, internet culture, current life in China — in simple but adult Mandarin, which is rare: most learner podcasts are either childish or too fast. Episodes are free on all podcast apps; transcripts and vocabulary lists are a paid extra. The pacing is deliberately slower than natural speech, so use it as a bridge rather than a final destination.

Molly records tightly scripted episodes at lower-intermediate level and explains new vocabulary in simpler Chinese rather than switching to English, which trains you to stay in the language. Episode length is manageable for a commute and levels are labelled. The audio is free; transcripts and exercises are a paid membership, and the fully scripted delivery is cleaner than real conversation.

Each story comes with a companion episode where the hosts unpack the key words and phrases in Chinese, so you get input and consolidation without leaving the language, from Beginning through Superior. The level range makes it one of the few learner podcasts you can stay with for years. Podcast audio is free; transcripts, worksheets and speaking cohorts are paid, and the recording quality varies across the older catalogue.

Unscripted multi-speaker conversation is the hardest listening skill and this is the best learner-oriented source of it: real interruptions, opinions and slang, but from teachers who keep things intelligible. Excellent preparation for native podcasts. Free on YouTube and podcast apps, with transcripts and vocabulary behind a paid tier; the pace will overwhelm you below solid B1.

Around 900 episodes of first-person narration from across Chinese society, produced to a high standard and free with transcripts on the website. As native content it doubles as language input and as a window into contemporary China that learner material never gives you. It is genuinely native speed with regional accents and heavy colloquialism — comfortable only once you can follow unscripted speech.

Four volumes of systematic grammar, dialogues and character work, used by most North American college programmes, with workbooks, audio and a web app for exercises. If you want a spine for self-study with a clear sequence and available answer keys, this is the safest choice. It is expensive, the dialogues are dated and campus-centric, and it is written for classroom use — self-learners need to supply their own speaking practice.

A long-running forum where advanced learners, translators and teachers review resources, discuss study methods and run reading groups — the signal-to-noise ratio is far better than social media. Searching the archive answers most 'which textbook / how do I get past HSK 4' questions immediately. Traffic is much lower than it was, so expect slow replies to new threads and treat it primarily as an archive.

The authoritative source for what each HSK level actually requires, where to sit the exam, and free official practice papers — worth checking directly rather than relying on third-party summaries, since the HSK 3.0 standard changed level boundaries and vocabulary counts substantially. Registration and information are free; the exam itself has a fee. The site is functional but clunky, and English translations lag the Chinese pages.

Free on desktop, Android and web; the iOS app is a one-off paid purchase that funds the project. The interface is dated and the options are overwhelming at first, but nothing beats it for retaining vocabulary over years. Most effective when you stop grinding premade decks and start mining sentences from things you actually read or watch.

One-on-one video lessons from roughly $5–30/hr depending on the language and the teacher's credentials. It is the single fastest way to get real speaking practice, and the reason most self-study plans stall is that they skip this step. Community tutors are cheap conversation partners; professional teachers are worth it if you want structure, homework and error correction.

The free tier is genuinely usable (ads plus a limited 'hearts' system); Super removes both for about $96/yr. Its real value is streak-driven consistency for absolute beginners, and the smaller courses are thin machine-assisted content rather than the polished Spanish or French trees. Treat it as a warm-up habit, not a curriculum — nobody reaches conversational fluency on Duolingo alone.

Subscription-only after a handful of free intro lessons, typically $10–15/month with big discounts on annual plans. Lessons are short, dialogue-first and explain grammar properly, which makes it a much more serious beginner course than Duolingo. It covers only 13 languages and effectively stops around B1, so it is a stepping stone rather than a destination.

Thirty-minute audio lessons force you to produce sentences out loud before you see anything written, which builds unusually good accent and recall. Subscriptions run about $15–21/month (all-access covers 50+ languages), and older courses are often available through public libraries. It is slow and vocabulary-light by design, so pair it with reading — but for commute or walking time it is the best use of otherwise dead hours.

Import podcasts, articles or ebooks, tap unknown words for definitions, and LingQ tracks your known-word count over time. The free tier caps how many saved words you can keep, so serious use means paying (~$13/month or less annually). The interface is clunky and the built-in SRS is weaker than Anki, but the reading-plus-audio workflow with 50+ languages is hard to replicate elsewhere.

The 'learn with locals' video clips are the distinguishing feature — you hear real people at real speed rather than TTS. Be aware that Memrise moved user-created community courses off the main app in 2024 onto a separate site, which gutted what many long-time users valued most, and the app has leaned hard into AI chat features since. Fine as a phrase-and-vocabulary app for major languages; if you came for the community decks, use Anki instead.

Covers 14 languages along an explicit CEFR path, and its best feature is the community exchange: you submit short writing or speaking exercises and real native speakers correct them, free of charge, in exchange for you correcting theirs. The free tier is limited to core lessons; Premium unlocks grammar, offline and the full path. A solid Babbel alternative if you specifically want writing practice with human feedback.

Built on Tatoeba sentences, it drills words in context by frequency band across 50+ languages and 170+ language pairings, with a genuinely generous free tier. It explicitly starts where beginner apps end, so it is the natural 'what now?' answer for someone who finished a Duolingo tree. Sentences are crowd-sourced and occasionally awkward or oddly specific, and it teaches nothing about grammar explicitly.

Lessons build outward from real conversations with colour-coded literal translations and cultural notes, and the catalogue includes endangered and indigenous languages nobody else covers. Retail pricing starts around $10/month, but a very large number of public libraries and universities give patrons free access — check yours before paying. Content depth per language is modest, so it suits travellers and early learners more than people pushing toward B2.

Mihalis Eleftheriou records real lessons with a real student and walks you through constructing the language yourself using cognates and logic — Spanish, French, Italian, German, Greek, Turkish, Arabic and Swahili are covered. Completely free, no ads, no sign-up, funded by donations. The Spanish course in particular is one of the most recommended free resources anywhere; the trade-off is small vocabulary and no reading or writing practice.

Each course is ~100 short bilingual dialogues with native audio: you passively absorb for months, then start an 'active wave' translating back into the target language. Books run around €30 (e-courses ~€50) across 70+ languages, and the method is a long-standing favourite among polyglots for reaching real reading fluency. Caveats: many courses are only published from French, the humour is dated, and it demands daily discipline with no gamification to carry you.

The 'Complete' books are proper structured courses with dialogues, graded exercises and downloadable audio, and the range covers languages no app touches. Quality varies noticeably by title and author, so check reviews for your specific language before buying rather than trusting the series name. Their graded readers and 'Script Hacking' alphabet guides are also worth knowing about for non-Latin scripts.

Over 70 languages, each a step-by-step beginner course written by an experienced teacher, and crucially all the audio is free to download from the companion site even if you find the book secondhand. Slightly more academic and grammar-forward than Teach Yourself, which some learners prefer. Like any book series the individual titles differ in quality; the less common languages are often the only decent course in existence.

You sit in on a recorded lesson with two students and build sentences aloud alongside them, with no writing, homework or memorisation; 19 languages are available. It is remarkably good at making the core grammar of Romance languages click in a few hours. Vocabulary coverage is small, the recordings are old, and the courses after Michel Thomas's death are taught by other teachers with mixed results — treat it as a fast on-ramp, not a course of study.

Built-in correction tools let partners fix your messages inline, and the social 'moments' feed gets you corrections from strangers without arranging a call. Free for the core exchange; VIP adds more translations and simultaneous target languages. The persistent caveat is that a fair share of users treat it as a dating app, and exchange partners are unreliable — it works best once you already have some output to correct.

Same idea as HelloTalk but with vetted profiles and a cleaner focus on actual voice and video calls, which makes it noticeably less spammy in practice. Free to use; Pro adds unlimited partner search and extra languages, and the app also sells paid tutors. Both apps live or die on finding one or two committed partners, so expect to message a lot of people before anything sticks.

100,000+ tutors across 120+ subjects, with a free replacement if your first tutor is a bad fit. The main structural difference from italki is that Preply pushes weekly lesson subscriptions and takes a large commission from tutors, which some learners consider a reason to prefer italki. Worth comparing side by side for your language — prices, availability and tutor quality differ per market rather than per platform.

A 501(c)(3) nonprofit: you shadow native audio, record your own version, and a real human coach returns feedback — 10 free submissions a month, unlimited for about $20/month, with full scholarships for anyone who needs one. Covers French, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian and English. It only fixes pronunciation and delivery, so it complements rather than replaces conversation practice.

Around 6 million words recorded by native speakers across 400+ languages, usually with several accents per word so you can hear regional variation. Free to search on the site; the paid tiers are aimed at API users and bulk audio downloads. Indispensable for names, place names and anything a TTS voice would mangle — many learners wire it directly into Anki for card audio.

A collaborative, Creative Commons-licensed corpus you can search for real usage of a word or download in bulk to build your own decks. It is the raw material behind Clozemaster and countless Anki decks rather than a study tool in itself. Sentences are contributed by volunteers, so quality and naturalness vary — prefer sentences from native contributors and cross-check anything surprising.

A Chrome extension that shows target-language and native subtitles simultaneously, lets you click any word for a definition, replay a line, and save phrases for review. The free tier already covers dual subs, dictionary lookups and the CEFR-graded video catalogue; Pro (about $6/month) adds machine translation, speech recognition and better AI lookups. It transforms passive Netflix time into study time, but you need enough of a base — roughly B1 — for subtitle mining to beat just watching.

The heavyweight immersion toolkit: one-click sentence mining with audio, screenshot and definitions, plus its own SRS and known-word tracking, for 11 languages including Japanese, Korean, Mandarin and the major European ones. A 10-day free trial then a subscription (roughly $10/month). Overkill unless you are committed to a sentence-mining routine — if that describes you it saves hours a week, otherwise Language Reactor's free tier is enough.

A browser extension plus web reader covering 100+ languages: click a word or drag across a phrase, get an inline translation, and it becomes a flashcard automatically. The free tier gives unlimited single-word translations but caps phrases and AI explanations at 10 a day; Premium is $6/month. Simpler and cheaper than LingQ or Migaku if all you want is frictionless reading of articles and ebooks.

You listen to and repeat thousands of native-recorded sentences on a spaced schedule, which builds fluent output patterns without explicit grammar study. It covers 60+ languages and keeps nine minority languages (Catalan, Welsh, Taiwanese, Kurdish and others) permanently free as a preservation effort. It is expensive at roughly $20–40/month, and the repetition is monotonous — most reviewers call it effective but overpriced, so try the 7-day trial first.

Foreign Service Institute, Peace Corps and DLI materials — full textbooks plus hundreds of hours of audio — are public domain and hosted here for free across dozens of languages. The depth is extraordinary and the FSI Basic courses take diplomats to professional working proficiency, which no consumer app attempts. The recordings are from the 1960s–80s, the drills are relentless, and some vocabulary is dated (Cold War era), so they suit disciplined self-studiers, not casual learners.

A franchise of local producers filming unscripted street interviews, each episode subtitled in the target language and English, which is the closest free thing to hearing how people genuinely speak. All YouTube episodes are free; membership adds transcripts, vocabulary lists and exercises. Real-speed unscripted speech is hard early on — start with the slower 'Super Easy' episodes if you are below B1.

Mark Pentleton teaches a genuine student while you listen in, across French, Spanish, German, Italian, Chinese, Swedish, Portuguese, Japanese and Gaelic. The podcast seasons are free on any podcast app and are structured as a real curriculum rather than scattered episodes; the Academy sells premium lesson notes, video and bonus audio. Ideal commuting material for beginners through B1, and the Spanish and French series are the strongest.

The default place to ask 'is X app worth it' or 'what should I do at B1' and get answers from people who have actually done it, plus per-language subreddits (r/Spanish, r/LearnJapanese, r/French) with far better resource lists. The wiki and FAQ head off most beginner questions. Expect strong ideological camps — comprehensible-input purists versus textbook people — so read a few threads before taking any single answer as settled.

A detailed staged roadmap for acquiring a language through massive comprehensible input — what to do at each stage, when to start output, how to mine sentences — with a free tracker, starter courses and an active Discord. The roadmap and community are free; vocabulary decks, advanced courses and coaching are paid. It is opinionated to the point of dogma about avoiding early output and translation, so take the framework and ignore the purity rules if they do not fit your goals.

Modern assistants (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini) will roleplay a scenario at your level, correct your writing with explanations, generate graded reading, and hold voice conversations — endlessly patient and available at 2am, which no tutor is. Free tiers are enough for text practice; voice modes generally need a subscription. The caveats are real: models are noticeably weaker and more error-prone in lower-resource languages, they tend to produce bland textbook register rather than how people actually speak, and they will not correct you unless you explicitly ask them to.

Type a word or phrase and it plays back real YouTube clips of people saying it in context, across 25 languages plus sign languages, so you get natural intonation and regional variation rather than an isolated dictionary recording. Free, donation-supported, no account needed. Complements Forvo: Forvo for single words, YouGlish for phrases and prosody.

Over 100 language editions; the English edition alone has millions of entries covering hundreds of languages, with IPA, declension and conjugation tables, etymologies and usage notes that commercial apps usually paywall. The etymology sections are quietly one of the best vocabulary-retention tools available. Being crowd-sourced, coverage is uneven and rare entries can be wrong — cross-check anything unusual against a native-language dictionary.

A streaming service where every show has clickable dual subtitles and saved words become flashcards, covering 15 languages with apps on phone, Roku and TV. It solves the 'what do I watch' problem for languages where Netflix's catalogue is thin. The library is much smaller than a mainstream streamer and it is subscription-only — if you already pay for Netflix, Language Reactor's free tier does most of the same job.

Thousands of public-domain books recorded by volunteers, downloadable as MP3 or M4B with no account. Pairing a LibriVox recording with the matching free Project Gutenberg text gives you a full audiobook-plus-ebook study set for nothing. Two caveats: recordings are volunteer-quality and vary a lot reader to reader, and everything is out of copyright, so the language is often a century old — great for literature, poor for modern slang.

Unlike most apps it is built around producing speech: you repeat, roleplay and converse with an AI tutor that gives pronunciation and phrasing feedback in real time. Covers Spanish, French, Korean, Japanese, Italian and Chinese for English speakers, with a 7-day trial then a subscription (roughly $20/month or $99/yr). Good for overcoming the fear of speaking before your first human lesson, but an AI will not push back or drift off-script the way a real conversation partner does.